Ketoconazole en ligne - Antifongiques locaux

Mechanism of action Azole-based antifungal agents, ketoconazole en ligne, such as ketoconazole, work by inhibiting the enzyme cytochrome P -demethylase PDMwhich is part of the ligne biosynthesis pathway that converts lanosterol to ergosterol [1]. Because ketoconazole has less affinity towards fungal cell membranes than the newer triazole antifungal agents like fluconazole and itraconazole, it is more likely to bind with mammalian cell membranes and induce toxicity [2].

Side effects Because ketoconazole disrupts part of the sterol biosynthesis pathway, it may decrease levels of the steroids testosterone ketoconazole cortisone causing gynecomastia and oligospermia in males and irregular menstruation in women. It may also cause anorexianausea and vomiting, increased levels of transaminase and liver ligne. Chemistry The IUPAC chemical name ketoconazole ketoconazole is 1-[4-[4-[[2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl imidazolylmethyl -1,3-dioxolanyl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazinyl]ethanone.

The activity of the drug is based on the presence of imidazolean azole. Ketoconazole also contains a piperazine ring system and is an antiandrogen compound, ketoconazole en ligne. Drug interactions Ketoconazole can have many drug interactions, including interacting with medicines or natural compounds related to diabetescardiac diseasepsychological diseases, antiviral drugserectile dysfunctionvascular diseasesteroid -related diseases, migraine headachessleep disorders and others.

See the following sections for specific interactions and conditions with increased risk lignes. Drugs enhanced by ketoconazole Ketoconazole increases the effectiveness, and therefore toxicity of many medications. It increases the effectiveness of some anticoagualant medications, including acenocoumarolanisindionedicumarol and warfarin and the effectiveness and ketoconazole of some steroids and steroid agonists, including the corticosteroids methylprednisoloneprednisolone and prednisonethe glucocorticoids budesonide and ciclesonide and the aldosterone agonist eplerenone.

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It also increase the effects of some antiviral drugsincluding indinavirritonavir and saquinavir. Many benzodiazepine -based drugs, including alazepamalprazolamchlordiazepoxideclonazepamclorazepatediazepamestazolamflurazepammidazolamquazepam and triazolam are more effective when taken with ketoconazole.

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The immunosuppressants cyclosporineeverolimussirolimus and tacrolimusand the tricyclic drugs amitriptylineimipramine and nortriptylineare enhanced when taken with ketoconazole, ketoconazole en ligne. Because ketoconazole is a potent CYP3A4 ligne, it increases the effects and toxicity of almotriptanaprepitantdofetilideeletriptanerlotinibgefitinibtrazodoneand also slows the metabolism of darifenacin and solifenacin.

The psycholeptic drugs aripiprazolebuspironegalantaminehaloperidolquetiapine and ziprasidone are likewise more effective. Ketoconazole also increases the ketoconazole of antineoplastic agents antitumor drugs including imatinibvinblastinevincristinedocetaxelketoconazole en ligne, irinotecan the cardiac or vascular drugs bosentancilostazolquinidine and ranolazineand analgesics including fentanyl and alfentanil.

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The following may also be increased: Drugs suppressed by ketoconazole Some oral contraceptivesketoconazole en ligne, including ethinyl estradiol and mestranol may be less effective when taken in combination with ketoconazole.

Conditions with increased risks The risk of ketoconazole and rhabdomyolysis is increased when ketoconazole is taken with some cholesterol-lowering statin drugs such as atorvastatincerivastatinlovastatin and simvastatin. The risk of arrhythmias and cardiotoxicity increase when this drug is taken with astemizole ketoconazole, cisaprideterfenadinepimozide. An increased risk of ergotism and severe ischemia may result when ketoconazole is taken with ergotamine and its derivate dihydroergotamine.

Drugs that impede ketoconazole Antacids, including basic forms of aluminiumbismuthcalcium and magnesiumketoconazole en ligne, as well as the proton pump ligne esomeprazolelansoprazoleketoconazole en ligne, omeprazolepantoprazole and rabeprazole decrease the absorption of imidazole and hence make ketoconazole less effective.

Likewise, the anti-H2 drugs cimetidinefamotidinenizatidine and ketoconazole suppress ketoconazole ligne. Additional medications with this side effect include isoniazidnevirapinerifampin and sucralfate.