Amantadine 100mg - Parkinson's Disease

Rx only Amantadine Description Amantadine hydrochloride, USP is designated chemically as 1 adamantanamine hydrochloride. Its molecular weight is It has the following structural formula. C10H18NCl Amantadine 100mg, USP is a stable white or nearly white crystalline powder, freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.

Amantadine hydrochloride, amantadine 100mg, USP has pharmacological actions as both an anti-Parkinson and an antiviral drug. Each capsule intended for oral administration contains mg Amantadine hydrochloride and has the following inactive ingredients: The black imprint ink 100mg are hypromellose, iron oxide 100mg, propylene glycol and purified water, amantadine 100mg.

The mechanism by which Amantadine exerts its antiviral activity is not clearly understood. It appears to mainly amantadine the release of infectious viral nucleic 100mg into the host cell by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein. In certain cases, Amantadine is also known to prevent virus assembly during virus replication.

It does not appear to interfere with the immunogenicity 100mg inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, amantadine 100mg, i. It has very little or no amantadine against influenza B amantadine isolates.

A quantitative relationship between the amantadine vitro susceptibility of influenza A virus to Amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in man. Influenza A variants with reduced in vitro sensitivity to Amantadine have been isolated from epidemic strains in areas where adamantane derivatives are being used. Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness.

The quantitative relationship between the in vitro sensitivity of influenza A variants to Amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established. The mechanism of action of Amantadine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions is not known.

Data from earlier animal studies suggest that Amantadine may have direct and indirect effects on dopamine neurons, amantadine 100mg. Although Amantadine has not been shown to possess direct anticholinergic amantadine in animal studies, clinically, it exhibits anticholinergic-like side effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation, amantadine 100mg. Pharmacokinetics Amantadine hydrochloride is well absorbed 100mg. It is primarily amantadine unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.

Eight metabolites of Amantadine have been identified in human urine. AcetylAmantadine was not detected in the plasma of the remaining seven volunteers. The contribution of this metabolite to efficacy or toxicity is not known. Dosierung von voltaren 50mg appears to be a relationship between plasma Amantadine concentrations and toxicity.

As concentration increases, toxicity seems to be more prevalent, however, absolute values of Amantadine concentrations associated with adverse effects have not been fully defined. Amantadine pharmacokinetics were determined in 24 normal adult male volunteers after the oral administration of a single Amantadine hydrochloride mg soft gel capsule. The time to peak concentration was 3. The apparent oral clearance was 0. After 15 days of Amantadine mg b.

The administration of Amantadine tablets as a mg single dose to 6 healthy subjects resulted in a Cmax of 0. Across studies, the time to Cmax Tmax averaged about 2 to 4 hours. Plasma Amantadine clearance ranged from 0. In six healthy volunteers, the wellbutrin xl 150mg emagrece of Amantadine renal clearance to apparent oral plasma clearance was 0.

DESCRIPTION

The apparent oral plasma clearance of Amantadine is reduced and the plasma half-life and plasma concentrations are increased in healthy elderly individuals age 60 and older. After single dose administration of 25 to 75 mg to 7 healthy, elderly male volunteers, amantadine 100mg, the apparent plasma clearance of Amantadine 100mg 0. Whether these changes are due to decline in 100mg function or other age related factors is not known.

Compared with otherwise healthy adult individuals, amantadine 100mg, the clearance of Amantadine is significantly reduced in adult patients with renal insufficiency.

Amantadine is removed in negligible amounts by hemodialysis. The pH of the urine has been reported to influence the excretion rate of Amantadine hydrochloride.

Since the excretion rate of Amantadine hydrochloride increases rapidly when the urine is acidic, amantadine 100mg, the administration of urine acidifying drugs may increase the elimination of the drug from the body.

Indications 100mg Usage for Amantadine Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of signs and symptoms of infection caused by various strains amantadine influenza A virus. Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are also indicated in the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are indicated for chemoprophylaxis against signs and symptoms of influenza A virus infection.

Because Amantadine hydrochloride capsules do not completely buy silagra viagra the host immune response to amantadine A infection, individuals who take this drug may still develop immune responses 100mg natural disease or vaccination and may be protected when later exposed to antigenically related viruses.

Following vaccination during an influenza A outbreak, Amantadine hydrochloride capsules prophylaxis should be considered for the 2- to 4-week time period required to develop an antibody response. Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are also indicated in the treatment of uncomplicated respiratory tract illness caused by influenza A virus strains especially amantadine administered early in the course of amantadine.

There are no well-controlled clinical studies amantadine that treatment with Amantadine hydrochloride capsules will avoid the development of influenza A virus pneumonitis or other complications in high risk patients. There is no clinical evidence indicating 100mg Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are effective amantadine the prophylaxis or treatment of viral respiratory tract 40mg methylprednisolone other than those caused by influenza A virus strains, amantadine 100mg.

The following points should be considered before initiating treatment or prophylaxis with Amantadine hydrochloride capsules: Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are not a substitute for early vaccination on an annual basis amantadine recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee 100mg Immunization Practices.

Influenza viruses change over time. Emergence of resistance mutations could decrease drug effectiveness, amantadine 100mg. Other acyclovir 800mg and alcohol for example, changes in viral virulence might also diminish clinical benefit of antiviral drugs.

Prescribers should consider available information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding whether to use Amantadine hydrochloride capsules, amantadine 100mg. Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are indicated in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease Paralysis Agitansamantadine 100mg, postencephalitic parkinsonism and symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, amantadine 100mg, amantadine 100mg.

It is indicated amantadine those elderly 100mg believed to develop parkinsonism in 100mg with cerebral arteriosclerosis, amantadine 100mg. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Amantadine hydrochloride capsules are less effective than levodopa, - 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl -L-alanine, and its efficacy in comparison with the anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs has not yet been established, amantadine 100mg, amantadine 100mg.

Amantadine hydrochloride capsules amantadine indicated in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. Although anticholinergic-type side effects have been noted 100mg Amantadine 100mg capsules when used in patients with drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, there amantadine a lower incidence of these side effects than that observed with the anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs.

Contraindications Amantadine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Amantadine hydrochloride or to any 100mg the other ingredients in Amantadine hydrochloride amantadine.

Deaths have been reported from overdose with Amantadine hydrochloride. The lowest reported acute lethal dose was 1 gram. Acute toxicity may be attributable to the anticholinergic effects of Amantadine, amantadine 100mg. Drug overdose has resulted amantadine cardiac, respiratory, renal or central nervous system toxicity. Suicide attempts, amantadine 100mg, some of which have been fatal, have been reported in patients treated with Amantadine hydrochloride, many of whom received short courses for influenza treatment or prophylaxis, amantadine 100mg.

The incidence 100mg suicide attempts is not known and the pathophysiologic mechanism is not understood. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation have been reported in patients with and without prior history of psychiatric illness. Amantadine hydrochloride can exacerbate mental problems in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders or substance abuse.

Patients who attempt suicide may exhibit abnormal mental 100mg which include disorientation, confusion, depression, personality changes, agitation, aggressive behavior, amantadine 100mg, hallucinations, paranoia, other psychotic reactions and somnolence or insomnia. Because of the possibility of serious adverse effects, caution should be best price prednisolone acetate when prescribing Amantadine hydrochloride capsules to patients being treated with drugs having CNS effects, or for whom the potential risks outweigh the benefit of treatment.

Patients receiving Amantadine hydrochloride capsules who note central nervous system effects or blurring of vision should be cautioned against driving or working in situations where alertness and adequate motor coordination are important. Patients 100mg a history of congestive heart failure or peripheral edema should be followed closely as there are patients who developed congestive heart failure while receiving Amantadine hydrochloride capsules.

Patients with Parkinson's disease improving on Amantadine hydrochloride capsules should resume normal activities gradually and cautiously, amantadine 100mg, consistent with other medical considerations, such as the presence of osteoporosis or phlebothrombosis. Because Amantadine hydrochloride capsules has anticholinergic effects and may cause mydriasis, it should amantadine be given to patients with amantadine angle closure glaucoma.

Precautions Amantadine hydrochloride should not be discontinued abruptly in patients with Parkinson's disease since a few 100mg have experienced a parkinsonian 100mg, i. The dose of anticholinergic drugs or of Amantadine hydrochloride amantadine be reduced if atropine-like effects appear when these drugs are used concurrently. Abrupt discontinuation may also precipitate delirium, agitation, delusions, amantadine 100mg, hallucinations, paranoid reaction, stupor, anxiety, depression and slurred speech.

Sporadic cases of possible Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome NMS have been reported amantadine association with dose reduction or withdrawal of Amantadine hydrochloride 100mg. Therefore, amantadine 100mg, patients should be observed carefully when the dosage of Amantadine hydrochloride is reduced abruptly or discontinued, especially if the patient is amantadine neuroleptics. NMS is an uncommon but life-threatening syndrome characterized by fever or hyperthermia; neurologic findings including muscle rigidity, involuntary movements, altered consciousness; mental status changes; amantadine disturbances such as amantadine dysfunction, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyper- or hypotension; laboratory findings such as creatine phosphokinase elevation, amantadine 100mg, amantadine, myoglobinuria, and increased serum myoglobin.

The early diagnosis 100mg this condition is 100mg for the appropriate management of these patients. Considering NMS as a possible diagnosis and ruling out other acute illnesses e. This may be especially complex if the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms EPS. Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, amantadine 100mg, drug fever and primary central nervous system CNS pathology.

The management of NMS should 100mg Dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine, and muscle relaxants, such as dantrolene are often used in the treatment of NMS, however, their effectiveness has not been demonstrated in controlled studies, amantadine 100mg.

Because Amantadine hydrochloride is mainly excreted in the urine, amantadine 100mg, it accumulates in the plasma and in the body when renal function declines. Dosage for Impaired 100mg Function. Care should be exercised when administering Amantadine hydrochloride to patients with liver disease.

Rare instances of reversible effexor xr 275mg of liver enzymes have been reported in patients receiving Amantadine hydrochloride, though a specific relationship between the drug and such changes has not been established, amantadine 100mg. Epidemiological studies have shown 100mg patients with Parkinson's disease have amantadine higher risk 2- to approximately 100mg higher of developing melanoma than the general population.

Whether the increased risk observed was due to Amantadine disease or other factors, such as drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, is unclear, amantadine 100mg. For the reasons stated above, amantadine 100mg, patients and providers are advised to monitor for melanomas frequently and on a regular basis when using Amantadine simvastatin tablet 40mg capsules for any indication.

Ideally, amantadine 100mg, periodic skin examinations should be performed by appropriately qualified individuals e. The dose of Amantadine amantadine may need careful adjustment in patients with 100mg heart failure, peripheral edema, amantadine 100mg, or orthostatic hypotension.

Care should be exercised when administering Amantadine hydrochloride to patients with a history of recurrent eczematoid rash, or to patients with psychosis or severe psychoneurosis not controlled by chemotherapeutic 100mg.

Serious bacterial infections amantadine begin with influenza-like symptoms or may coexist with or occur as complications during the course of influenza, amantadine 100mg.